Python firebase authentication Definitive guide (2021)

This is my complete guide to use python firebase Auth in 2021. I used Firebase Auth REST API official documentation to build a simple and clean python codes (api) that allows you to :

Sign up with email / password.
Sign in with email / password.
Send email verification.
Sign in anonymously.
Send password reset email.
Get user data.
Delete account.

After this article you will be able also to make your own api.

So if you want use firebase authentication in one of your project, You will love today's article.

Let's dive in.

What is firebase authentication

Firebase Authentication provides back-end services, easy-to-use , and ready-made UI libraries to authenticate users to your app . It supports authentication using passwords, phone numbers, popular federated identity providers like Google, Facebook and Twitter, and more.

It is also free !

Create Firebase Project

To create a firebase project :

Go to https://console.firebase.google.com .
Click add project.
Chose name for your project.
If you want add google analytics you can do it.
Then click Create project.

Requirements

Project api key

To get started you will need an api key from you firebase project.

Go to your firebase project and click on project settings. and copy the Web API key.

Python requests

You can install requests by:

pip install requests

pip3 install requests

check : https://pypi.org/project/requests/ .

How we are going to do this

If you checked the official documentation on each service they give you:

Request method : We use POST to send data to a server.
Content-Type : The type of the data we gonna send (in this course we gonna use only JSON ).
Endpoint : The url we gonna send data to .
Request Body Payload : The data we gonna send to the server.
Sample request : An example of a request using curl.
Sample response : An example of the response from the server.
Common error codes : The possible errors you can get .

To do all this on python we are going to use requests .

To set the request method to POST

requests.post()

The endpoint is an URL so it's a string.

requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp?key={}'.format(apikey))

In the request Body Payload we are going to use a python dict.

details={
    'email':email,
    'password':password,
    'returnSecureToken': True
}

So the sample request will be like this

details={
    'email':email,
    'password':password,
    'returnSecureToken': True
}

# send post request
r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)

The r contains the response.

To handle the errors we gonna use a function:

def NewUser(email,password):
    details={
        'email':email,
        'password':password,
        'returnSecureToken': True
    }
    # send post request
    r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)
    #check for errors in result
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    #if the registration succeeded
    if 'idToken' in r.json().keys() :
            return {'status':'success','idToken':r.json()['idToken']}

And so on ..

Enable Email/Password Sign Up

Allow users to sign up using their email address and password.

Sign up with email / password

To create a new user account on firebase Auth you need to send a POST request to this URL

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp

then if the registration succeeded we will get a token to use it later.

Don't panic it's all easy

This is how you do it in python using requests module.


import requests

apikey='.....................'# the web api key

def NewUser(email,password):
    details={
        'email':email,
        'password':password,
        'returnSecureToken': True
    }
    # send post request
    r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)
    #check for errors in result
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    #if the registration succeeded
    if 'idToken' in r.json().keys() :
            return {'status':'success','idToken':r.json()['idToken']}

Now this is simple all you have to do is call the function like this :

NewUser('user@example.com','password')# use the email and the password

Output:

You will get something like this if everything is okay :

{'status': 'success',
 'idToken': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjkwMDk1YmM2ZGM2ZDY3NzkxZDdkYTFlZWIxYTU1OWEzZDViMmM0ODYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL3NlY3VyZXRva2VuLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vaGFja2Vybm9vbi1hcHAiLCJhdWQiOiJoYWNrZXJub29uLWFwcCIsImF1dGhfdGltZSI6MTYzMDA4NTAwOSwidXNlcl9pZCI6Ilk0Q3luTHFVNVRRZGRSSE52MDRzWU54ZWFpdTIiL'}</pre
>

{'status': 'error', 'message': 'EMAIL_EXISTS'}

it means that the email already registered.

Sign in with email / password

To sign in a registered user on firebase Auth you need to make a POST request to

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signInWithPassword</pre
>

like this :

import requests

apikey='........................'# the web api key

def SignIn(email,password):
    details={
        'email':email,
        'password':password,
        'returnSecureToken': True
    }
    #Post request
    r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signInWithPassword?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)
    #check for errors
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    #success
    if 'idToken' in r.json().keys() :
            return {'status':'success','idToken':r.json()['idToken']}

Run it :

SignIn('user@example.com','password') #put the actual info

You will get :

{'status': 'success',
 'idToken': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjkwMDk1YmM2ZGM2ZDY3NzkxZDdkYTFlZWIxYTU1OWEzZDViMmM0ODYiLCJ0eXAiOiJKV1QifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL3NlY3VyZXRva2VuLmdvb2dsZS5jb20vaGFja2Vybm9vbi1hcHAiLCJhdWQiOiJoYWNrZXJub29uLWFwcCIsImF1dGhfdGltZSI6MTYzMDA4NTY0MSwidXNlcl9pZCI6Ilk0Q3luTHFVNVRRZGRSSE'}

{'status': 'error', 'message': 'INVALID_PASSWORD'} # Password wrong

{'status': 'error', 'message': 'EMAIL_NOT_FOUND'} # Email not registered</pre
>

Send email verification

Now to send an email verification using python. You need to send a POST request to

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:sendOobCode

You need also the token that you get after sign in or sign up.

import requests

apikey='..................'# the web api key

idToken='eyJh1pVjuYvfX72ewSqUxRNUNoGKgdhsaYdeOjs9OsQ......'#token

def VerifyEmail(idToken):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    data='{"requestType":"VERIFY_EMAIL","idToken":"'+idToken+'"}'
    r = requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:sendOobCode?key={}'.format(apikey), headers=headers, data=data)
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    if 'email' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'success','email':r.json()['email']}

run :

VerifyEmail(idToken)

result:

Success

{'status': 'success', 'email': 'user@example.com'}

Failed

{'status': 'error', 'message': 'INVALID_ID_TOKEN'}

The user will receive an email from you like this :

Sign in anonymously

Sometimes you need to use user's features without creating an account. So you can do it on firebase just by sending another POST request to :

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp

But You have to enable it first

python firebase enable sign in anonymously

Code :

import requests

apikey='...................'# the web api key

def SignInAnonymously():
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    data='{"returnSecureToken":"true"}'
    r = requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signUp?key={}'.format(apikey), headers=headers, data=data)
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    if 'idToken' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'success','idToken':r.json()['idToken']}

Output :

{'status': 'success',
 'idToken': 'eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjkwMDk1YmM2ZGM2ZDY3NzkxZDdkYTFlZWIxYTU1OWEzZDViMmM0'}

Send password reset email

All you need to send an email to reset password using python and the email.Then the user will receive an email to change his password.

just by issuing a POST request to this URL :

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:sendOobCode

Code :

import requests

apikey='..................'# the web api key
def SendResetEmail(email):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    data={"requestType":"PASSWORD_RESET","email":email}
    r = requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:sendOobCode?key={}'.format(apikey), data=data)
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    if 'email' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'success','email':r.json()['email']}

SendResetEmail('user@example.com')

Success :

{'status': 'success', 'email': 'user@example.com'}

if the email isn't registered :

{'status': 'error', 'message': 'EMAIL_NOT_FOUND'}

Get user data

In firebase Auth you can extract user data like :

email
is emailVerified
displayName
createdAt...

All you need is the Idtoken.

Then send a POST request to getAccountInfo endpoint

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:lookup

Code :

def GetData(idToken):
    details={
        'idToken':idToken
    }
    r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:lookup?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    if 'users' in r.json():
        return {'status':'success','data':r.json()['users']}

GetData('v7MYMlCA')

Output:

{'status': 'success',
 'data': [{'localId': '',
   'email': 'user@example.com',
   'passwordHash': 'U',
   'emailVerified': False,
   'passwordUpdatedAt': ,
   'providerUserInfo': [{'providerId': 'password',
     'federatedId': 'user@example.com',
     'email': 'user@example.com',
     'rawId': 'user@example.com'}],
   'validSince': '',
   'lastLoginAt': '',
   'createdAt': '',
   'lastRefreshAt': '2021-08-31T16:37:59.956Z'}]}

Delete account

To delete a user account you need the idToken of the account. Then you send a POST request to :

https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:delete

Code :

def DeleteAccount(idToken):
    details={
        'idToken':idToken
    }
    r=requests.post('https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:delete?key={}'.format(apikey),data=details)
    if 'error' in r.json().keys():
        return {'status':'error','message':r.json()['error']['message']}
    
    return {'status':'success','data':r.json()}

DeleteAccount('jkdhkeguyegyugv')

Output

{'status': 'success',
 'data': {'kind': 'identitytoolkit#DeleteAccountResponse'}}

Conclusion

Firebase Auth can be a really useful service and it is also free. so you don't need to deal with the database.Note that you can also connect with Google account,Facebook,github,twitter...

Just by using the rest API you can build other API for more features.

What is firebase authentication

Create Firebase Project

Requirements

Project api key

Python requests

How we are going to do this

Enable Email/Password Sign Up

Sign up with email / password

Sign in with email / password

Send email verification

Sign in anonymously

Send password reset email

Get user data

Delete account

Conclusion

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